Scientists are still actively researching how our planet got to be so wet in the first place. As the grains of dust and ice in the disk interact with themselves, those grains begin to form bigger and bigger clumps.
Eventually those clumps form what we call planetesimals, the building blocks of rocky and giant planets. So even though there were most likely water molecules present in the mess of debris that made up the disk, it was too hot for water to condense into a liquid, causing it to evaporate instead. This leaves us with a bit of a puzzle.
If the Earth could not have formed from the disk with its oceans already intact, how did they get here? Both asteroids and comets visit the Earth and are known to harbor ice. Not sure of the difference between an asteroid and a comet? Check out my earlier episode. In fact, models of the compositions of asteroids and comets suggest that they even harbor enough ice to have delivered an amount of water equal to Earth's oceans. So, problem solved?
Not quite. And darkness was upon the face of the deep. He told the first lie to all the angels that he was above God himself and one third of the angels believed him rather than God which caused him and his fellow angels that believed him to lose their first estate forever and they all immediately fell as a stars from heaven into the core of the earth known as eternal hell, a place of darkness and an invisible fire to dwell in that is the hottest fire that is known to scientists that exists.
And the invisible Spirit of God Who is an invisible consuming fire moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, "Let there be light. And God called the light day. Just read Genesis 1; Isaiah 14; and Revelation 12 in the Holy Bible and start believing the whole of it and you will be a different person when you come to know the grace of God through faith in His Word.
The headline is wrong. Earth is 4. The Urantia Book explained this almost a 70 years ago. Gordon Allen said:. Bobism said:. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Newsletter Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news. Sign Up.
Water through time: Ices from the parent molecular cloud are incorporated into planet-forming disks around young stars, and eventually into the planets themselves. Already a subscriber? Want more? The isolation of Padloping Island meant that researchers had to travel there by boat and set up camp. The sheer cliffs made falling rocks plentiful, and Francis picked up the best-looking minerals from the beach. A return trip in netted even more samples.
The imposing cliffs make it challenging to collect samples, but if she could obtain some from the steep overhangs, she would be able to pinpoint where and when the material rose to the surface. Meech helped to categorize the crystals. Part of the process involved ensuring the samples were stripped from the mantle rather than the crust as the volcanic plume burst upward. The tiny glass beads were protected in part by olivine crystals, which act as a barrier to prevent weathering once the rocks are on the surface.
The Hawaiian minerals had suffered from weathering and had been heavily affected by surface water, most likely rain. The pollution kept these samples from revealing the flavors of pristine water. Hallis suspects it came from the solar nebula. While many scientists argue that the nebula would have dissipated within 6 million years — long before our planet could have grown large enough to capture it — she points out that several young stars have been found with gas around them for as long as 10 million years.
That would give the tiny rocks that ultimately built Earth enough time to incorporate elements like hydrogen and nitrogen into their structure. Why is this important? The high temperatures post-collision would have been similar to those found in the solar nebula, Hallis says. That helps to make the case that even in the hot early solar system, volatiles and water could be accreted.
For instance, hydrogen rises more easily to the top of the atmosphere, where the solar wind can strip it away. The heavier deuterium tends to stay closer to the ground. Studies of meteorites from the large asteroid Vesta have revealed ratios of heavy water similar to the Baffin Island estimates. One argument against the results stems from how Hallis extrapolated the isotopes and elemental abundances in her measurements; Alexander says some scientists disagree with how the final numbers play out using her method.
The other issue is how Hallis explained her results. Hallis is ready to take her own trip to Padloping Island to collect more samples. One thing she would like to do is investigate not just the hydrogen involved, but also the nitrogen. But analyzing the nitrogen in samples is more difficult than hunting down hydrogen, partly because there is even less nitrogen in these samples than hydrogen.
Measuring nitrogen also requires instruments capable of very high precision. Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. View our Privacy Policy. By signing up you may also receive reader surveys and occasional special offers. We do not sell, rent or trade our email lists. Login or Register Customer Service. RISE —. PHASE —.
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